UHVDC入地电流暂态过程对变压器励磁特性的影响

为研究接地极入地暂态电流对变压器励磁特性的影响，提出一种针对UHVDC入地电流暂态的计算方法，并搭建了受端地区直流偏磁仿真模型，计算了地表电位和偏磁电流在入地电流暂态过程中的响应，并分析了变压器的励磁特性。结果表明，暂态过程会显著增加10 km范围内的地表电位和偏磁电流，在UHVDC引起的变压器直流偏磁计算时应考虑入地电流暂态过程的影响。     

黄沙坪铅锌多金属矿的成矿规律及深部找矿远景

众所周知,矿物质的成分是多种多样的,社会的发展和科学的进步需要运用到多重金属矿物质,在专业人员的勘探与挖掘中,发现了黄沙坪铅锌多金属矿,这个矿区中有丰富的有色金属,这个矿的发掘为研究成矿规律提供了物质基础,同时也为深部找矿提供了可靠的依据。本文主要分析黄沙坪铅锌多金属矿的成矿规律及深部找矿远景。     

Revealing Electrical-Poling-Induced Polarization Potential in Hybrid Perovskite Photodetectors

Despite recent rapid advances in metal halide perovskites for use in optoelectronics, the fundamental understanding of the electrical-poling-induced ion migration, accounting for many unusual attributes and thus performance in perovskite-based devices, remain comparatively elusive. Herein, the electrical-poling-promoted polarization potential is reported for rendering hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite photodetectors with high photocurrent and fast response time, displaying a tenfold enhancement in the photocurrent and a twofold decrease in the response time after an external electric field poling. First, a robust meniscus-assisted solution-printing strategy is employed to facilitate the oriented perovskite crystals over a large area. Subsequently, the electrical poling invokes the ion migration within perovskite crystals, thus inducing a polarization potential, as substantiated by the surface potential change assessed by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Such electrical-poling-induced polarization potential is responsible for the markedly enhanced photocurrent and largely shortened response time. This work presents new insights into the electrical-poling-triggered ion migration and, in turn, polarization potential as well as into the implication of the latter for optoelectronic devices with greater performance. As such, the utilization of ion-migration-produced polarization potential may represent an important endeavor toward a wide range of high-performance perovskite-based photodetectors, solar cells, transistors, scintillators, etc.     

Etching characteristics of thin SiON films using a liquefied perfluorocarbon precursor of C6F12O with a low global warming potential

Perfluorocarbon gas is widely used in the semiconductor industry. However, perfluorocarbon has a negative effect on the global environment owing to its high global warming potential (GWP) value. An alternative solution is essential. Therefore, we evaluated the possibility of replacing conventional perfluorocarbon etching gases such as CHF₃ with C₆F₁₂O, which has a low GWP and is in a liquid state at room temperature. In this study, silicon oxynitride (SiON) films were plasma-etched using inductively coupled CF₄ +C₆F₁₂O+O₂ mixed plasmas. Subsequently, the etching characteristics of the film, such as etching rate, etching profile, selectivity over Si, and photoresist, were investigated. A double Langmuir probe was used and optical emission spectroscopy was performed for plasma diagnostics. In addition, a contact angle goniometer and x-ray photoelectron spectroscope were used to confirm the change in the surface properties of the etched SiON film surface. Consequently, the etching characteristics of the C₆F₁₂O mixed plasma exhibited a lower etching rate, higher SiON/Si selectivity, lower plasma damage, and more vertical etched profiles than the conventional CHF₃ mixed plasma. In addition, the C₆F₁₂O gas can be recovered in the liquid state, thereby decreasing global warming. These results confirmed that the C₆F₁₂O precursor can sufficiently replace the conventional etching gas.     

青海省格尔木市西大滩东多金属矿控矿因素及找矿前景

青海省格尔木市西大滩东多金属矿出露地层主要为早-中三叠世昌马河地层走向呈北西~南东向,与区域构造线方向基本一致。是测区的主要矿源层,为后期矿化提供了物质基础。比较发育的北西向、北西西向逆断层具有明显的多期活动特点,多形成破碎带,为热液活动、成矿元素富集提供了良好空间,对本区矿化起着一定的控制作用,破碎蚀变带控制了土壤异常展布。本文对西大滩东多金属矿控矿因素及找矿前景进行分析探讨。     

Enhanced Stability,Conductance, and Catalytic Activity of Gold Nanoparticles via Oxidative Dissolution by KMnO4

The present paper reports the oxidative etching of Au nanospheres by an oxidant, KMnO₄, which resulted in the formation of new particles of different reduced sizes from single starting nanoparticles. The significant blue-shifting (536 → 527 nm) of the surface plasmon band for Au nanospheres was observed due to their size alterations after oxidative dissolution of Au⁰ to Au⁺³. This was supported by the cyclic voltammetry studies, which revealed an anodic peak at ?0.90 V in agreement with the standard electrode potential of Au⁰/Au⁺³ (?0.96 V). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the hydrodynamic diameter of Au nanospheres (～41 nm) was decreased from ～26 to 4 nm as a function of KMnO₄ concentration, as further evidenced by TEM. This oxidation-driven process resulted in colloids with higher zeta potential, conductance, and enhanced catalytic activity (～2 times) than their bare nanoparticles for the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol attributed to the higher surface area-to-volume ratio.     

京津冀地区农村煤改气现状及减排潜力分析

对京津冀农村地区煤改气现状进行研究,并对当前采用的经济环境效益评价方法加以归纳,以近年来颁布的国家及地方政策为辅助依据估算农村燃煤减排潜力。根据计算结果,对比SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5在三地区的减排效果得出,北京减排效果最明显,天津及河北省有明显改善;由减排分布得到,SO2、NOx、CO、PM10、PM2.5在北京市、天津市、河北省减排潜力分布中各占3%、1%、85%、6%和5%。由此看出,通过减少农村散煤使用来控制污染物排放量的方法具有良好的发展前景。然后进一步剖析当前出现的问题,以努力推进农村减排工作。     

Electroactive polymers containing 3-arylcarbazolyl units as hole transporting materials for OLEDs

Monomers and their polymers containing 3-arylcarbazolyl electrophores have been synthesized by the multi-step synthetic route. The materials were characterized by thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and electron photoemission technique. The polymers represent materials of high thermal stability having initial thermal degradation temperatures in the range of 331–411 °C. The glass transition temperatures of the amorphous polymeric materials were in the rage of 148–175 °C. The electron photoemission spectra of thin layers of monomers showed ionization potentials in the range of 5.6–5.65 eV. Hole-transporting properties of the polymers were tested in the structures of organic light emitting diodes with Alq₃ as the green emitter. The device containing hole-transporting layers of polyether with 3-naphthylcarbazolyl groups exhibited the best overall performance with a maximum current efficiency of 3.3 cd/A and maximum brightness of about 1000 cd/m².     

Robust Mapping for Mobile Robot Based on Immobile Area Grid Map Considering Potential Moving Objects

Mobile robots need Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for autonomous movement in human living environments. The occupancy grid map used in SLAM is a conventional method which makes a map by an occupancy probability in each grid. This method renews a map based on whether an object is observed or not. In order to remove moving objects from a map, an additional method is required. However, conventional methods deal only with actually moving objects, and potential moving objects (e.g., standing humans) are mapped as static objects. Furthermore, only binary states, used or not used, are given to each object in map updating. This paper proposes the immobility area grid map to represent a map by an immobility probability in each grid. The proposed method renews a map based on the identification of observed objects by a robot's sensors, in addition to whether an object is observed or not. We introduce the map update parameter, which is set adaptively from the certainty of identification result of the object. Observed objects can take continuous states, truly static—unknown—truly moving, according to the parameter value. Potential moving objects are not mapped if the parameter takes values corresponding to moving objects. The experimental results show robust mapping in dynamic environments including potential moving objects.